Valve for hydraulic pumps or motors.



T. A. KILLMAN.

VALVE FOR HYDRAULIC PUMPS 0R MOTORS. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 24, 1913;

LljQ, Patented Jau. 12, 1915.

'TATES VALVE FOR HYDRAULIC PUMPS 0R Specification of Letters Patent.

PATENT M DRS.

Patented dan.. i12, dhd50 Application led September 24, 1913. Serial No. 791,560.

State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Valves for Hydraulic Pumps or Motors, of which the following is a specification.

ly invention relates to pumps or motors, and particularly a fluid-operated pump or motor of that type in Which a rotary piston is used.

@ne object of my invention is the provision of a mechanism which may be used either as a pump or motor, of extremely simple construction, easily operated, and of a high degree of effectiveness.

further object of the invention is the provision o a mechanism of the character described so formed as to reduce to a minimum friction between the parts yand so formed that the rotary piston has rolling Contact with the casing Within which it is Supported.

@ther objects will appear in the course of the following description.

invention is illustrated in panylng drawings n'herein:-

ligure l is a .section through mecha*- nisin oi? the character described, the section being taken at right angles to the shaft. Fir is section in a plane transverse of .2.1 l, the section being taken on the line 2-2 of l. Fig. is a transverse section of tde valve casing1 25, with the 'valve adjusted in one position, Fig. l is a like view to Fig'. 8 but showing the valve reversely set. Fig.

the accom o is an enlarged detail view of the upper portion of the piston casing, the valve casing 30 being in section and the valve therein being set in a position to cause a direct circulation of the motive Huid from the outlet port of the piston chamber to the inlet port thereof. Fig. '3 is a perspective vien' of the valve in chamber 80. Fig. l' is a sectional vienv of the valve chamber 30 with the valve therein set to cause a braking action of the piston. Fig. 8 is a like View to Fig. 7 but showing the valve in its speed controlling position.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicated .in all the views of the accompanying draW- ing by the same reference characters.

Referring to these drawings it Will be seen at my improved mechanism a le manner. The casing 5 is preferably divided into two sections by an intermediate wall 9 so as to provide parallel chambers on each side of the intermediate,Wall.e

.Extending into the head 7, and if desired, extending entirely through the casing is a crank-shaft l0 supported in suitable bearings. This shaft has tWo cranks disposed one in each 01E the chambers ll and l2. This crank-shaft is adapted to form either a driven or a driving shaft, depending upon whether the mechanism is used as a pump or as a motor.

Disposed in each of the chambers ll and l2 is a cylindrical piston l5, formed With peripheral wall lo and a rllhis web is radially slotted as at i8. The wrist-pin 10a of the crank corresponding to the piston passes through. the center of the piston. Illie circumferential Wall lo of the niston is s lit i9 and the erioheral Wall i l is extended inward as at QG on each side of the slot or opening .so-formed and curved so as to form an open bead or bearing for engagement with semi-cylindrical packing members The Wall of the casingl 5 has an inrvardly projecting wing or plate 22 ent-ending from end to end oi the casing and Wing or plate extends through the slot and between the' packing members 2l and into the slot 18. The packing members 2l therefore, have sliding engagement with the faces of this Wall 29 and rocking engagement with the bearings 2G.

The casing 5 is formed with ports 23 and 2li located respectively on opposite sidesA of the Wing 22. One oi these ports always constitutes an inlet and the other an outlet or discharge port. lt will he understood, of course, that there is one of these ports for each of the chambers ll and l2.

lt will he obvious novv` that as the crank l0a is revolved, the piston 15 will be carried in a circular path and its periphery `will middle web fi,

Y forced out through have asliding and rolling contact with the inner face of the wall of the casing 5, the bearing; 20 andthe packing members 21 permitting the piston toprock upon the packing members. a t

In,v Fig. 1 the pi'ston is shown at theu begnning of its stroke. piston is assumed to be filled with water, oil or other fluid.v Now as the crank 10a revolves in the direction of the arrow the piston will be carried 'laterally toward the lefthnd end of the casing, then downward and laterally toward the right hand side of the casing, and then upward, and all ofthe luid which is disposed in the space a will be the port 24. While they piston is movin downward and toward .the `-left the space a crease in area and as the piston moves in the direction of the arrow fluid will be drawn' in through the port 23. 1t will be noted that the piston on one side of the wall 9 is set opposite to the piston on the other side of the wall 9, and 'thus when the mechanism is being used as a pump one of the pistons is always drawing in liuid while the other is always forcing the fluid out. It will also be evident that if the crank-shaft -10 be turned in an opposite direction to that indicated bythe arrow in Fig. 3 of the drawings and thedevice be used as a pump the port 24 will become the inlet port and the port 23 will become the outlet or -discharge port. I

Whenever the mechanism is being used as a motor the iuid under compression will be forced in through the port 23 into the motor -chamber 5, or casing, and the pressure of fluid behind the piston will cause it tol rotate precisely in the samemanner as heretofore described for thc pumping action, the

exhaust iluid passing out through the portv v 24 and vice versa the port 24 may* become the inlet port and the port 231' the outlet or exhaust port Aand thefmechanism used -as a motor in this instance and move reversely to `the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1. 'Thus when the rotating piston is positively driven by means of the crank-shaft it will act as a pump, whereas if it is driven by means of fluid pressure, it will act as a motor and` transmit the circular motion of the piston to the crank-shaft. In order to control the mechanism either as a motor' 'or a pump may use the Avalve mechanism illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. This valve mechanism comprises a valvecasing 25 Ehavingy oppositely disposed pipes 26 and 27 which act either as inlet o" -outlet pipes.

Extending. from one sideof the valve casing and oppositely disposed to each other ,and in quartering relation to the openings ofthe pipes 26 and 27 are the pipes 28 and,

v29. The pipe 28 as illustrated extends directly downward to the ports 24 in the chambers 11 and 12, while the pipe 29 enters The space a below the ove the 'piston will i-n- 'transversely across .said chamb preferably having disksI 33 at its ends which snugly lit the chamber 30, and mounted upon thls shaft is a segmental valve 34 having ya face 35 which is adapted to intersect and close the entrance opening of the pipe 29. From the side of the valve casing 30 extends a by-pass 36 which enters the pipe 28. As illustrated in F ig. 2 the segmental valve 34 is disposed adjacent one of the end disks 33 so that it is in line with the -outlet of pipe 29 and with the opening of the bypass 36, but not in line with the pipe 39. Thus, when the valve is turned in the position shown in Fig. 8 the current will How intothe cutaway portion of the valve then laterally and then downward into 'the rotor chamber, but the outlet from the by-jpass will be blanked. When the valve is turned in the position shown in Fig. 7 .the outlet will be lost. The end disks 33 carried on thev valve shaft 32 form the walls of the valve chamber and act to balance the valve. Disposed within the valve casing 25 is the valve 37v which is mounted upon a shaft 38 and extends'dimaterically across the valve casing and is formed at opposite ends with relatively enlarged extrematies. When this valve is turned in one direction, as in, Fig. 3, the pipe 26 will be connected to the pipe 29 Iwhile thepipe 27 will be operatively connected to the pipe 28. When the valve is turned inthe direction shown in Fig. 4,` however, the pipe 26 will be connected to the pipe 28, while the pipe 27 will be connected with the pipe 29.

Assumingvnow that the mechanism is operated asja pump and' it'is desired that while the vpiston rotates there shall be no pumping action, the` valve f37 is turned to close the ports `28y and 29 and the valve 35 is turned to the position shown in Fig. 7. Un-

' der these 'ircuinstances,`fthe fluid forced out from the outlet ports 24 of the casing 5 will pass into' the valve chamber 30A and pass er andv down through. the pipe 39 which connects the valve casing to the inlet ports of the chambers 11` and 12. There will thus be a constant circulation of fluid through the pump. If now it is desired that the pump` shall cause a flow of luid in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, the valve 37 is turned to the p osition shown in Fig.- 4.,

v yused as a motor mamas and the valve 35 is turned to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, whereupon fluid will be drawn in through the pipes 26 and 29 into the chambers 11 and 12 and forced outward through the pipes 28 and 27. 1f it is desired for any reason to reverse the movement of the pump the valve 37 is turned to the position shown in Fig. 4, and as a consequence the rotation of the piston will cause the liquid to beA drawn through the pipes 27 and v29 and forced 'out through the pipes 28 and 26.

here the mechanism is intended to be used as -a motor operated-by fluid under pressure entering the chambers 11 and 12 a like adjustment ,of the valves ma be made so as to cause the rotation o the piston in one or the other direction or the stoppage of this rotation. By closing the outlet from the chambers 11 and 12 it is obvious that the .piston Will be caused to stop the compression of fluid on its outlet side of the chamber, and thus the piston will act as a brak It will further Vbe seen that by properly adjusting the valve 34 thel mechanism when tively slow speed, and that by gradually turning the valve 34 to increase the area of the passage leading from the pumping chambers, the speed will be gradually increased. It will likewise be seen that the valve 37 is only used for reversin the action of the piston when lused' eiter as a pump or a motor piston, and that the valve 35 is used for controlling the speed of the mechanism, for stopping in its-.action orv for causing it to work.

My invention is very simple, can be a lplied to a large variety of purposes, 1s readily controlled, and has been found thoroughly effective in practice.

`What I claim is 1. In a mechanism of the character described, the combination with a cylindrical casing and a rotary piston therein, thecasing being formed with an abutment and having ports disposed one on each side of the abutment, of pipes each enterin oneof said ports, a valve casing dispose in one of said pipes and having a by-pass branch extending to the other of said pipes, and a rotary valve in saidcasing havin a Segmental valve disk less in thickness t an the depth of the casing, the valve disk having a width equal to the diameter of the pipes operate without doing v extending into and out of said casing.

a mechanism of the character demay be started at a relascribed, the combination with a cylindrical casing and a rotary piston therein, the `casing being formed with an abutment and having ports disposed one on each side of the abutment, of pipes each-enterin one of said ports, a valve casing dispose in one of said pipes and having'a by-pass branch extending to the other of said pipes, and a rotary valve in said casing comprising a transversely extending spindle, vdisks on the opposite ends of said tting the valve casing,

from said disks, said valve being' less in width than the depth of the 'valve casin but having a width greater than that o the ports opening from the valve casing into said pipes. p

3. In a mechanism of' the character described, the combination with .a cylindrical casing and a rotary piston therein, the casing being formed with an abutment and having ports disposedone on each side of the abutment, of pipes each enterin one of said ports, a valve casing dispose in one of said pipes and having a by-pass branch extending to the Vother of said pipes, and a rotary valve in said casing having a segmental valve disk less in thickness than the de th of the casing, the working face of sai valve disk having an area sufficient to close the pipes extending into and out of said casing.

' 4. In a mechanism of the character. described, the combination with a cylindrical casing and a rotary piston therein, the casing being formed with an abutment and having ports dis the abutment, o pipes each entering one of said ports, a valve casin disposed in one of said ipes and havinga b -pass branch exten in to the other of sai plpes, and a rotary va ve in said casing com rising a transversely extending spindle, on the opposite ends of said spindle and snugly fitting the lvalvecasin and a segmental valve disposed'on sai spaced from said disks,lsaid valve being less in width than the depth of the valve casing but having an area sucient to cover the ports opening from the valve casinginto said pipes. i

In testimon whereof I ax my signature in presence o two witnesses ERNEST C. HABLAN, W. C. HALL, Jr.

spindle and snugly and a segmentaly Avalve disposed on said spindle and spaced osed one 'on each side of.

spindle and 

